(MENAFN- Asia Times) This is part five of a series, ‘Lessons from the first cyberwar.’
Read part one ,
part two ,
part three and part four .
After gaining initial exposure to cyber operations against Ukraine and Georgia, Russia began expanding its targeting of Western states, especially following Putin’s first invasion of Ukraine in 2014. Russia wanted to promote instability in Western democracies and to undermine the credibility of the democratic processes, according to former US ambassador to Russia Mike McFaul .
Following the illegal annexation of Crimea, Russia engaged in smaller-scale distributed-denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks to take out websites. However, it would grow bolder in its attacks against the West. In 2015, German investigators found that hackers had successfully breached the computer network of the Bundestag, the German…
